{"product_id":"antonio-ligabue","title":"ANTONIO LIGABUE","description":"Antonio Ligabue was born in \u003ca title=\"Zurich\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zurigo\"\u003eZurich\u003c\/a\u003e , \u003ca title=\"Swiss\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Svizzera\"\u003eSwitzerland\u003c\/a\u003e , on 12 December \u003ca title=\"1899\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1899\"\u003e1899\u003c\/a\u003e to Maria Elisabetta Costa, originally from \u003ca title=\"Cencenighe Agordino\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cencenighe_Agordino\"\u003eCencenighe Agordino\u003c\/a\u003e ( \u003ca title=\"Province of Belluno\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provincia_di_Belluno\"\u003eprovince of Belluno\u003c\/a\u003e , \u003ca title=\"Italy\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italia\"\u003eItaly\u003c\/a\u003e ), and was registered in the registry office with his mother's surname. On 18 January \u003ca title=\"1901\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1901\"\u003e1901\u003c\/a\u003e his mother married Bonfiglio Laccabue, who on the following 10 March recognised the child by giving him his own surname. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-2\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e Antonio, however, as an adult, preferred to be called \u003ci\u003eLigabue\u003c\/i\u003e (presumably because of the hatred he felt towards Bonfiglio, whom he considered to be the \u003ca title=\"Uxoricide\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uxoricidio\"\u003euxoricide\u003c\/a\u003e of his mother Elisabetta, who died tragically in \u003ca title=\"1913\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1913\"\u003e1913\u003c\/a\u003e together with three brothers following \u003ca title=\"Food poisoning\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intossicazione_alimentare\"\u003efood poisoning\u003c\/a\u003e \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-2\"\u003e[2]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-3\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-3\"\u003e[3]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e ). Even as a child, Ligabue never lived with his real family: since September \u003ca title=\"1900\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1900\"\u003e1900\u003c\/a\u003e , he was entrusted to Johannes Valentin Göbel and Elise Hanselmann, a childless Swiss-German couple, whom the artist always considered his parents; in particular, with Elise the artist had a deep, though troubled, bond. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-3\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\r \n\r \nDue to the difficult economic and cultural conditions of his adoptive family, they were forced to constantly move due to job insecurity. Therefore, the childhood of the young Antonio was characterised by great hardship, to which were added the diseases he suffered from ( \u003ca title=\"Rickets\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rachitismo\"\u003erickets\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca title=\"Struma (endocrinology)\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Struma_(endocrinologia)\"\u003egoiter\u003c\/a\u003e ), conditions which resulted in the compromise of the physical, mental and psychological development of the future artist. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-4\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e His difficult character and the difficulties in his studies led him to change schools several times: first in \u003ca title=\"St. Gallen\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Gallo\"\u003eSt. Gallen\u003c\/a\u003e , then in \u003ca title=\"Tablat (St. Gallen)\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tablat_(San_Gallo)\"\u003eTablat\u003c\/a\u003e and finally in \u003ca title=\"Marbach (Switzerland)\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marbach_(Svizzera)\"\u003eMarbach\u003c\/a\u003e . From the latter institute, however, he was expelled after only two years, in May \u003ca title=\"1915\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1915\"\u003e1915\u003c\/a\u003e , for bad behaviour. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-5\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e In the institute, however, Ligabue learned to read with a certain speed, and although he was not good at mathematics and spelling, he found constant relief in drawing. Having returned again to his adoptive family, they subsequently moved to \u003ca title=\"Staad\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Staad\"\u003eStaad\u003c\/a\u003e , where he led a rather wandering life, working occasionally as a farm labourer.\r \n\r \nBetween January and April \u003ca title=\"1917\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1917\"\u003e1917\u003c\/a\u003e , after a violent nervous breakdown, he was admitted to a psychiatric hospital in \u003ca title=\"Pfäfers\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pf%C3%A4fers\"\u003ePfäfers\u003c\/a\u003e for the first time. After being discharged, he returned to his adoptive family, who had moved to \u003ca title=\"Romanshorn\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanshorn\"\u003eRomanshorn\u003c\/a\u003e , but only stayed there for short periods, alternating his returns home with aimless wanderings, during which he worked as a farmer or looked after animals on the farms. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-6\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e In \u003ca title=\"1919\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1919\"\u003e1919\u003c\/a\u003e , after having attacked his adoptive mother during an argument, he was expelled from Switzerland following her complaint. He was sent to Italy and on 9 August he arrived in \u003ca title=\"Gualtieri\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gualtieri\"\u003eGualtieri\u003c\/a\u003e , the birthplace of his father Bonfiglio Laccabue. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-7\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e However, not knowing a word of \u003ca title=\"Italian language\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lingua_italiana\"\u003eItalian\u003c\/a\u003e , he fled in an attempt to return to Switzerland, but was found and brought back to Gualtieri, where he lived thanks to the help of the Carri Hospice. Subsequently, he continued, as he did in Switzerland, to practice a nomadic life, working occasionally as a labourer or farmhand on the banks of the \u003ca title=\"Bit\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Po\"\u003ePo\u003c\/a\u003e . It was during that period that he began to paint. Artistic expression gave relief to his anxieties, mitigated his obsessions and filled his solitude. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-8\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\r \n\r \nBut it was only in \u003ca title=\"1928\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1928\"\u003e1928\u003c\/a\u003e that, thanks to his meeting with\u003ca title=\"Renato Marino Mazzacurati\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Renato_Marino_Mazzacurati\"\u003eRenato Marino Mazzacurati\u003c\/a\u003e , who understood his genuine art and taught him the use of oil colors, Ligabue came to the choice to dedicate himself completely to \u003ca title=\"Painting\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pittura\"\u003epainting\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca title=\"Sculpture\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scultura\"\u003esculpture\u003c\/a\u003e . In \u003ca title=\"1937\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1937\"\u003e1937\u003c\/a\u003e he was admitted to the San Lazzaro psychiatric hospital in \u003ca title=\"Reggio Emilia\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reggio_Emilia\"\u003eReggio Emilia\u003c\/a\u003e due to his manic-depressive states, which sometimes resulted in violent attacks \u003ca title=\"Self-harm\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autolesionismo\"\u003eof self-harm\u003c\/a\u003e or against others; he returned to this hospital twice more, from 23 March \u003ca title=\"1940\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1940\"\u003e1940\u003c\/a\u003e to 16 May \u003ca title=\"1941\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1941\"\u003e1941\u003c\/a\u003e and from 13 February \u003ca title=\"1945\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1945\"\u003e1945\u003c\/a\u003e to 6 December \u003ca title=\"1948\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1948\"\u003e1948.\u003c\/a\u003e After his second stay in the hospital, he was released by the sculptor Andrea Mozzali, who hosted him in his home in \u003ca title=\"Guastalla\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guastalla\"\u003eGuastalla\u003c\/a\u003e . During the \u003ca title=\"Second World War\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seconda_guerra_mondiale\"\u003eSecond World War\u003c\/a\u003e , he acted as an interpreter for the German troops. In 1945, for having hit a German soldier with a bottle, he had to return to the hospital in Reggio Emilia for the last time. After leaving the hospital, he stayed alternately at the Carri di Gualtieri poorhouse and at the house of friends. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-9\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\r \n\r \nAt the end of the \u003ca title=\"1940s\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anni_1940\"\u003e1940s\u003c\/a\u003e , critical interest in his works began to grow. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-10\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e In \u003ca title=\"1957\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1957\"\u003e1957\u003c\/a\u003e , Severo Boschi, a journalist for \u003ci\u003e\u003ca title=\"The Rest of the Carlino\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Il_Resto_del_Carlino\"\u003eIl Resto del Carlino\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e , and the photojournalist \u003ca title=\"Aldo Ferrari (photographer)\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aldo_Ferrari_(fotografo)\"\u003eAldo Ferrari\u003c\/a\u003e visited him in Gualtieri: this resulted in a report in the newspaper with images that are still famous today. The \u003ca title=\"1950s\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anni_1950\"\u003e1950s\u003c\/a\u003e marked the beginning of the artist's most prolific period and, after his presence in group exhibitions, the first personal exhibitions also began. \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-11\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e In \u003ca title=\"1955\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1955\"\u003e1955\u003c\/a\u003e , he held his first personal exhibition in \u003ca title=\"Gonzaga (Italy)\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gonzaga_(Italia)\"\u003eGonzaga\u003c\/a\u003e , on the occasion of the \u003ca title=\"Millennial Fair\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiera_Millenaria\"\u003eMillenary Fair\u003c\/a\u003e . In \u003ca title=\"1961\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1961\"\u003e1961\u003c\/a\u003e , the exhibition was set up at the Galleria La Barcaccia in \u003ca title=\"Rome\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roma\"\u003eRome\u003c\/a\u003e , which marked his national consecration. On 18 November \u003ca title=\"1962\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1962\"\u003e1962\u003c\/a\u003e the artist was struck by \u003ca title=\"Hemiparesis\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emiparesi\"\u003ehemiparesis\u003c\/a\u003e and, after being treated in various hospitals, he found hospitality again at the Carri hospice in Gualtieri, where he died on 27 May \u003ca title=\"1965\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1965\"\u003e1965.\u003c\/a\u003e \u003csup id=\"cite_ref-AL_1-12\" class=\"reference\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antonio_Ligabue#cite_note-AL-1\"\u003e[1]\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"itwiki-template-citazione\"\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"itwiki-template-citazione-singola\"\u003e\n\n\n «The regret of his spirit, which was able to create so much through solitude and pain, remained in those who understood that until the last day of his life he desired only freedom and love»\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cp class=\"itwiki-template-citazione-footer\"\u003e ( \u003csmall\u003eEpitaph on the tomb of Antonio Ligabue in \u003ca title=\"Gualtieri\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gualtieri\"\u003eGualtieri\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/small\u003e )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n Antonio Ligabue is buried in the Gualtieri Cemetery and on his tombstone is the bronze funeral mask made by Andrea Mozzali.","brand":"ALVISE BUSIN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56218739605890,"sku":"ALBUS001","price":300.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0909\/7065\/3058\/files\/ligabue-FRONTE.jpg?v=1768476353","url":"https:\/\/cjfh11-ee.myshopify.com\/en\/products\/antonio-ligabue","provider":"Venderequadri","version":"1.0","type":"link"}